News=20 2010

6=20 July 2010

Ministry=20 of Health continues to blacklist nicotine e-cigarettes=20

http://www.medsafe.govt.nz/regulatory/MedicalDevices/Electr= onicCigarettes.asp=20

In a slight clarification of previous advice, = Medsafe,=20 states =93Electronic cigarettes are medicines when = supplied=20 with one or more cartridges containing nicotine even if they = are not=20 represented as aids to smoking cessation.=94

This maintains it = previous=20 opposition to non-medicinal non-tobacco=20 nicotine.

Ministry of = Health and=20 Medsafe annual offering to = smokers wanting=20 to quit includes $8.5 million dollars worth of subsidized = nicotine=20 patches, gum, vapourisers, lozenges. But e-cigarettes are = blacklisted.=20 However e-cigarette users want only the right to purchase at = market=20 price, which is cheaper than smoking.

Medsafe believes the = Medicines Act=20 would allow it to prosecute any firm importing and selling = nicotine=20 e-cigarettes not licensed as a medicine, even if imported as = a=20 tobacco product under the Smokefree=20 Environments Act (See our 29 Jan=20 2010 letter to NZMedJ at foot of this file).

Nicotine sold in = lethal=20 cigarettes or cigars or tobacco for smoking can be sold, but = nicotine in an e-cigarette imported as an alternative = tobacco=20 product cannot be sold. (except = as a=20 medicine, and no e-cigarette is licensed). Those with internet = savvy can=20 import e-cigarettes for personal use. Meantime most smokers = just=20 keep on smoking.

This is = tantamount to=20 prohibiting the sale of the substantially safer e-cig = alternatives=20 to cigarettes.

Smokers don=92t = want nicotine=20 in medicines necessarily, but they would like to be able to = buy and=20 enjoy their nicotine from e-cigarettes which are obviously = much=20 safer.

Cigarettes for = lighting up=20 and producing smoke and nicotine can be sold, but =20 the flameless e-cigarette containing no = tobacco and=20 much less nicotine, and giving no smoke, cannot be sold.=20

28 June=20 2010

Smokefree Prisons from July = 2011. More at=20 www.endsmoking= .org.nz/smokefreeprisons.htm=20

The last gasp

By ANTHONY = HUBBARD -=20 Sunday Star Times

Last updated 05:00 13/06/2010

3Dsmoko

Bars, restaurants and workplaces = are smokefree, but can smoking = really be=20 stubbed out forever?

Photo: iStock

Anti-smoking groups are = pushing for a=20 ban on cigarette sales =96 but critics say it would = just lead to=20 a huge tobacco black market. Anthony Hubbard reports.=20

IT'S THE nuclear option in the war against Big = Tobacco: a=20 ban on sales. Smoking is "slaughtering" the = population, says=20 anti-smoking campaigner Murray Laugesen. Since 1950, it has = killed more=20 than 150,000 people, greater than the population of=20 Hamilton. = So now=20 it is time to halt the massacre.

Years of anti-smoking legislation have only slightly = dented the=20 rate of smoking. The anti-smoking group Ash points out that = in 1991=20 about 26% of adults smoked. By 2007 this was down only a few = points,=20 to 23%. "This is an unacceptable rate of decline and = highlights the=20 need for urgent action," Ash says.

The Smokefree Coalition, a = collection=20 of more than 40 anti-smoking groups, is now pushing for a = ban on=20 sales of cigarettes and tobacco by 2020. The push for a ban = is the=20 main thrust of the battle against Big Tobacco, both here and = abroad.=20 More than 90% of the submissions to the Maori Affairs select = committee, which is investigating smoking's effect on Maori, have backed = the idea.=20

Opponents, including the tobacco companies themselves, = say it=20 will lead to a huge black market, perhaps dominated by = criminal=20 gangs. Didn't Prohibition lead to massive bootlegging and = murder?=20 After all, even the cigarette companies now admit that = smokers are=20 addicts. If you stop them buying their daily fix, won't they = turn to=20 other sources?

Laugesen, a leader of the = anti-smoking=20 movement for 25 years, both as a government official and = then as a=20 researcher and lobbyist, says the plan is quite different = from=20 Prohibition. Growers would not be able to buy tobacco after = 2020,=20 but they could still grow it for their own use. There would = be a=20 gradual phase-out of sales, not an overnight ban. And there = would=20 have to be much more help for smokers wanting to quit.

"We're not out to end smoking altogether. I think that's = a bridge=20 too far," says Laugesen. "But = taking it=20 out of shops will have the effect of drastically reducing = smoking.=20

"It would be very difficult for any well-organised criminal black market to = kill more=20 than 4500 people a year [the current death toll from = smoking].=20 That is the problem we have, we have a legalised trade whose products are = slaughtering=20 the population."

Price increases usually lead to falls in smoking, and, = under the=20 plan, the price would be steadily increased until 2020. The=20 government's recent tax increases =96 which will raise = prices by 30%=20 by 2012 =96 are a good start, says Laugesen.=20 More increases would be needed after that.

At the same time, much more = help must=20 be given to smokers to quit. Laugesen=20 points to electronic cigarettes, metallic cigarette-shaped = vaporisers which give smokers their = nicotine hit=20 without the lethal smoke. At present, these are not readily=20 available because the nicotine cartridge they require cannot = be sold=20 here, although smokers can import them for personal use. =

By 2020, under the Smokefree = scheme,=20 the number of smokers would already be falling. But this = suggests=20 the remaining ones will be the hard-core addicts, the ones = most=20 likely to drive a black market. They could turn to locally = grown=20 tobacco, known as "chop-chop" =96 under the present law, you = can grow=20 up to 15kg a year for personal use, enough to make about 60=20 roll-your-owns a day.

"All the reports we've had are that chop-chop apparently = tastes=20 like absolute s--t," says Ash communication manager Michael = Colhoun. This doesn't necessarily mean = that=20 smokers won't buy it. Desperate addicts will take what they = can get.=20 The evidence suggests that tobacco is quite easy to grow, = Laugesen says. City-dwellers could = grow it in a=20 glasshouse.

Smokers could also use smuggled cigarettes from abroad. = Laugesen believes the scope for a = black market=20 in this area is limited. The total=20 New=20 Zealand market at present = is about=20 4.2 billion cigarettes a year, including roll-your-owns: the = equivalent of about 400 shipping continers=20 full of cigarettes.

"The quantities are substantial and cannot easily be = hidden and=20 cannot easily be rustled up from here and there," says Laugesen. "For example, a cigarette = factory in=20 New=20 Zealand would be very = difficult to=20 hide.

"Any finished product would have to come from overseas, = and, to=20 come in in any quantity, it = would have to=20 come in in a shipping = container." Could=20 the smugglers really bring in a shipping container every = day?

New=20 Zealand, says Laugesen, is surrounded by water and = it is much=20 easier to control the border than in = Europe,=20 where cigarette smuggling is an enormous problem.

The tobacco companies say there is already a black market = and it=20 grows whenever the price of cigarettes is boosted.

Only one country in the world,=20 = Bhutan,=20 has banned sales, although the government of=20 = Finland=20 is discussing a plan to phase = them out. The=20 second-largest tobacco company in = New=20 Zealand, Imperial, told the = Maori=20 Affairs select committee that=20 = Bhutan's = experience since the ban in 2004 "demonstrated that banning = tobacco=20 does not work. The ban was such a disaster in=20 = Bhutan=20 that it was lifted by the National Council in June last = year".

In fact, the ban was not lifted: a bill in the National = Council,=20 the upper house of parliament, did not proceed. However, a = report by=20 American political scientist Michael Givel=20 in November last year "tentatively" concluded that "tobacco=20 consumption and secondhand smoke exposure remain a = significant=20 health issue in=20 = Bhutan.=20 In addition, the best available evidence indicates that = illegal=20 tobacco smuggling in=20 = Bhutan=20 remains robust".

Givel's report shows that = officials=20 were worried about the "porous" border between=20 = Bhutan=20 and its neighbours,=20 = India=20 and=20 = China.=20 It also suggests a lack of bureaucratic co-ordination in = enforcing=20 the ban, and a lack of help for smokers wanting to quit. =

The experience of a third-world land-locked country = clearly=20 cannot be transferred, holus-bolus, to=20 New=20 Zealand. What evidence do = we have=20 about the black market in this country?

British and American Tobacco, the largest cigarette = company in=20 New=20 Zealand, commissioned a = report by=20 Ernst and Young this year which concluded that "overall, = illicit=20 tobacco represents about 3.3% of total tobacco consumption = in=20 New=20 Zealand".

This represented, the report claimed, a loss of $39 = million to=20 $50m in tax to the government each year. However, the report = clearly=20 involves a whole series of assumptions about not only the = quantity=20 of tobacco grown in New Zealand, but also about how much is = being=20 brought in illegally.

Ash, which is preparing its own report on the black = market,=20 disputes Ernst and Young's findings.

Nobody doubts that a ban on sales would lead to an = increase in=20 the tobacco black market. And nobody really knows how big it = would=20 be. END

&n= bsp; &nb= sp; &nbs= p; = ; =20 (For public support see www.endsmoking.org.nz/pol= ls.htm=20 )

______________________________________________________________________= _________________

14=20 May 2010 Morning Report = RadioNZ

Four simple=20 policies

http://www.radionz.co.nz/audio/national/mnr/2010/05/14/researcher= s_suggest_ways_to_end_cigarette_sales

Four=20 simple policies to end cigarette sales in NZ by 2020=20

FourPolicies14M= ay2010.pdf=20

Four policies to end the sale of cigarettes and = smoking=20 tobacco in New = Zealand=20 by 2020. End = Smoking=20 NZ is not advocating prohibition =96 people could legally = grow their=20 own, Ending the legal cigarette and tobacco trade however, = should=20 result in reducing smoking prevalence from 20% now to 1% to = 4 %, and=20 reducing consumption similarly.

4 May=20 2010

95% of users = say=20 e-cigarette helped them quit = smoking

23% were still=20 smoking daily - median 12 cigarettes per day. On the other = hand, 63%=20 were no longer smokers. Median duration of use was 100 days, = median=20 175 puffs per day. Etter JF et = al.=20 Electronic=20 cigarettes: a survey of users. http://www.biomedcentral.com/imedia/1440477701319135_arti= cle.pdf?random=3D19859=20

28 April=20 2010

Tobacco tax = increases=20 =96 a useful kickstart to the = growing=20 campaign to phase out commercial sales of tobacco cigarettes = by=20 2020.

1) = ; =20 The last big increase in 2000 = was=20 marred by relapse of 80,000 smokers over 3 months. www.endsmoking.org.nz= /casestudy.htm=20

2) = ; =20 The =93equalization=94 of tax = on RYOs and factory made cigarettes only = applies if=20 the RYO smoker uses the same amount of tobacco per cigarette = as a FM=20 (factory-made) cigarette smoker. (0.7 g per cig).=20

3) = ; =20 However in reality - the = average weight=20 of a RYO cigarette in NZ for the last many years is around = 0.5 g# **=20 - the gap between RYOs and FM = prices will=20 be even further apart than before this tax increase.=20

4) = ; =20 This persisting and increased = gap is=20 now likely to persuade even more FM smokers to shift to = RYOs instead of quitting.=20

Table 1. = Cigarette=20 price changes in 2010-2012:* All cigarette prices increase, = but=20 RYOs remain cheaper than = factory-made =20 cigarettes.

Mar=20 2010

April=20 2010

Jan=20 2012

2010 = =96=20 2012

25s=20 Factory Made

$13.00^

$14.30^

$17.30*

+33%

30g=20 RYO

$21.30^

$25.50^

$29.80*

+40%

Assuming 60 RYOs /30 g (0.5 g/RYO cigarette = #=20 **)

Price*/FM=20 cig

52.0=20 c

57.6=20 c

69.2=20 c

+15c=20

Price*/RYO=20 cig

35.5=20 c

42.5=20 c

49.7c=20

+14c

Avg RYO cigarette (0.5 g) = cheaper=20 by

16.5c=20 /cig

15.1c=20 /cig

19.5c=20 /cig

3c more=20 = /cig

*Ministry of = Health=20 press release 28 April=20 2010.

#Laugesen, Epton,=20 Frampton, Glover, Lea. http://www.biomedce= ntral.com/1471-2458/9/194 and more at www.healthnz.co.nz/News20= 09.htm based on weighing = of tobacco=20 in cigarettes rolled by RYO smokers.

**http://www.endsmok= ing.org.nz/RYOhalfprice.htm=20 Table 1 National data estimating RYO = weights.

^ Actual = recommended=20 retail prices from BAT. In reality, shops on low income = areas=20 discount these prices.

Table 2. = Actual taxes=20 and prices before and after 28 April=20 2010

From 3 shops = in Lyttelton: shop prices will not change = until=20 about May 3,=20 2010=20

Before =

28 = April=20 2010

From=20

May=20 2010

%=20 increase

during = 2010

Excise rates = http://www.customs.govt.nz/

Tax=20 rate/FM cigarette

31.4=20 c

34.587=20 c/cig

10%=20 (tax)

Tax rate=20 / 0.5 g RYO

19.65=20 c

24.643=20 c/cig

25%=20 (tax)

Tax rate=20 / 0.7 g RYO

27.51=20 c

34.587=20 c/cig

25.7%=20 (tax)

Retail=20 prices

Holiday = 20s

9.50**=20 to 10.30

11.30*

10%

Holiday 25s =

13.00

14.30*=20

10%

30g RYO=20 Port=20 Royal

$19.80**=20 to $21.30

25.50*

20%

* = recommended retail=20 price from BAT

** a = discounted price=20

Note:=20 Normal increases = due to=20 inflation are apparently stood down until January=20 2010.

17 April = 2010 NZ = Herald

Medical = rules lead to=20 withdrawal of electronic quit-smoking = aid

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=3D1&= ;objectid=3D10638910=20

Dunedin Online=20 Pharmacy has withdrawn its electronic cigarettes from sale, = after=20 the Ministry of Health =93advised=94 it was acting = illegally. One=20 satisfied user emailed the Herald saying he was dismayed, = =93since=20 they work=94.

However public=20 health specialist Dr Murray Laugesen=20 argues the products can be legally imported and sold - but = not=20 advertised - under the Smokefree = Environments Act, although he wants the ministry first to = write=20 regulations to ensure safety.

15 April = 2010 NZ = Herald.

Smoker wants = e-ciggie nicotine at a shop near=20 him

<= /TBODY>

Mark Greenhalgh says e-cigarettes have = enabled him to=20 cut his daily habit from 30 to three tobacco cigarettes. = Photo /=20 Paul Estcourt

Full Life = distributor=20 Cecil Driver of Christchurch plans to = import=20 nicotine e-cigarettes =93within = months=94

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=3D1&= ;objectid=3D10638418=20

Comment:=20

The NZ Smokefree Environments Act permits = sale of=20 nicotine products. (see Letter to = NZ=20 Medical Journal below).=20 End Smoking NZ regards the sale of effective cigarette = substitutes=20 as key to persuading smokers that tobacco cigarette sales in = NZ can=20 be phased out by 2020.

For clinical=20 trials showing e-cigarettes reduce cravings, see www.healthnz.co.nz/News20= 10.htm=20

26 March=20 2010

Clean, green = and=20 tobacco-sales-free

Four out of=20 five Kiwi smokers would not smoke if they had their lives = over=20 again, says researcher Marewa=20 Glover.=20 Source: Stuff

21 March=20 2010 RadioNZ

End=20 Smoking NZ experts=92 views on ending cigarette sales=20

Smokefree Aotearoa? Is a smokefree nation a = realistic=20 goal?

The=20 Ideas programme interviews:

University of Auckland academic Dr Marewa Glover = (End=20 Smoking NZ board member) on why Maori are at the forefront = of those=20 calling for a ban on the sale of tobacco; = and;

Longtime=20 anti-smoking campaigner and researcher Dr Murray Laugesen = (chair,=20 End Smoking NZ) on e-cigarettes and other alternatives to = tobacco=20 products; =20

Also=20 Otago Univesity public health professor Professor Richard = Edwards,=20 on what he calls tobacco=92s end game.

http://www.ra= dionz.co.nz/national/programmes/ideas=20

End=20 Smoking NZ=92s Submission to the = Maori=20 Affairs Select Committee

on=20 the Inquiry into the tobacco industry in Aotearoa and the health=20

consequences=20 of tobacco use for Maori. &n= bsp; &nb= sp; &nbs= p; =20

Published=20 on MASC website February 2010

The=20 tobacco smoking deaths epidemic has arisen since = commercial

cigarettes=20 became=20 popular in the first half of the 20th=20 century,=20 and

ending=20 this epidemic requires that commercial cigarettes be=20 phased

out. Read how four key = policies=20 can end the sale of cigarettes by 2020, =

by making=20 the healthy choice the easy and cheaper=20 choice.

Read the=20 full submission at =85..SubmissionTobInquiry_EndSmoking_25Jan10.pdf=20

NZ Med J 29-January-2010, Vol 123 No=20 1308 http://www= .endsmoking.org.nz/EcigswNic_SaleSFEAct.pdf=20
Nicotine=20 electronic cigarette sales are permitted=20

under=20 the Smokefree Environments = Act=20

Summary=97Here we (ML=20 and End Smoking NZ) canvass some new thinking on = tobacco and=20 nicotine law. End Smoking NZ is a charitable trust = dedicated=20 to end the sale of traditional tobacco-containing = tobacco=20 products for smoking by 2020. Before this can be done, = it is=20 essential to free up access for smokers to effective, = safer=20 nicotine products. These products, we find, could=20 theoretically, probably be sold now for recreational = use under=20 the Smokefree Environments = (SFE)=20 Act. For example, nicotine-containing electronic = cigarettes=20 (which simulate smoking, by vaporising nicotine into a mist = without=20 burning tobacco or creating smoke) could provide safer = alternatives to cigarette smoking. Allowing time for=20 regulations for safety reasons, which we support, it = should be=20 possible to permit approved brands of nicotine = electronic=20 cigarettes by 2011. This is better than waiting years = until=20 such brands can be approved as medicines.=20

Findings=97Tobacco=20 products in the SFE Act 1990, we find, are defined = broadly, as=20 products of tobacco, made from tobacco, whether or not = they=20 contain tobacco. Since nicotine is manufactured = exclusively=20 from tobacco, the nicotine in nicotine = =91cigarettes=92, including=20 nicotine electronic cigarettes, fits the SFE Act = definition of=20 tobacco product. This means nicotine-containing = electronic=20 cigarettes, can be sold, and sold for recreational or=20 pleasurable purpose under the SFE Act, without = negating the=20 powers of Medsafe to = approve and=20 license the sale of medicinal nicotine products under = the=20 Medicines Act 1981. Some products, perhaps with = different=20 brand names, could eventually finish up obtaining = approval=20 under both Acts.

Current=20 situation=97Smoking=20 cessation is a Ministry of Health priority, but the = Ministry=92s=20 enhanced cessation programme now=20 embarked on, aided by substantial use of subsidised medicinal nicotine, = is not expected to prevent more = than a=20 minority of smoking or cigarette-attributable deaths = in the=20 next few decades. A raft of new policies and products = are=20 needed to reduce cigarette smoking more rapidly.=20

For = tobacco=20 addicts, medicines have their limitations. Most = smokers, most=20 of the time, do not want medicines or to see the = doctor about=20 their smoking. Indeed, most probably regard themselves as healthy. Even when = they quit,=20 only 30% use medicinal nicotine. Smokers want to = smoke, except=20 for a few days per year when under=20 half make a serious quit attempt. It is mostly = nicotine they=20 smoke for. An electronic cigarette emits about 100 = times less=20 toxicant than a regular cigarette. So why not let them = inhale=20 their nicotine without the toxic smoke? =

Most drugs of=20 pleasure, whether legal or not, attract regulation, = and need a=20 regulatory =93home=94. Until now, we all assumed = nicotine for=20 human consumption only had only one home - the = Medicines Act=20 1981. This has meant all nicotine must perforce be = medicinal,=20 whereas patently, it is not. Currently, non-nicotine=20 electronic cigarettes can be sold, but any = nicotine-containing=20 electronic cigarette for sale must first be approved = as a=20 medicine =96an expensive process, and none is, so far. = Some are=20 imported for personal use. In reality, 99% of nicotine = is=20 non-medicinal, inhaled for pleasure and regulated = under the=20 SFE Act. Inhaling vapour = from a=20 simulated cigarette for pure nicotine pleasure, = subject to=20 safety checks, could in fact gratuitously assist in = reducing=20 smoking mortality and morbidity, just as methadone is = used=20 successfully to treat heroin addiction. =

The = proposal=97We = propose=20 that nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes be on = general=20 sale by the 2011 at the latest, under the SFE Act. = This=20 timetable allows for passage of the necessary = Regulations in=20 2010, enabling testing and shop sales in 2011, which=20 would:

=B7 = ; =20 Be = popular=20 with smokers;

=B7 = ; =20 Provide safer=20 choices for smokers;

=B7 = ; =20 Provide a=20 cheaper, safer, alternative for smokers facing rising = prices;=20

=B7 = ; =20 Reduce=20 consumption of tobacco cigarettes;=20

=B7 = ; =20 Provide in=20 future, a permanent alternative to continued cigarette = sales.

The = Minister=20 of Health with suitable regulation of e-cigarettes, = would be=20 able to do what no previous Minister of Health has = been able=20 to do, that is, promise 100-fold risk reduction for = continuing=20 =93smokers=94, something impossible, even with the = strictest=20 regulation, of commercial tobacco cigarette smoke.=20

For = human=20 consumption, it seems clear, we now have two Acts for=20 nicotine, depending on how the purchaser wants to use = the=20 product =96 for recreational or medicinal purposes:=20

The = SFE Act=20 provides for recreational (non-medicinal) use of = nicotine,=20 General sale of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes = is=20 permitted, but no therapeutic claims can be made. No = dose is=20 prescribed.

The = Medicines=20 Act provides for the medicinal use of nicotine by = various=20 routes; and allows therapeutic claims, for example, = about=20 giving up smoking (example, nicotine patch). Some = sales may be=20 restricted to pharmacies, as with current medicinal = nicotine=20 inhalers. Guidance on dose and duration of treatment = is=20 given.

Definition of=20 a tobacco product=97=93Tobacco=20 product means any product manufactured from tobacco = and=20 intended for use by smoking, inhalation, or = mastication; and=20 includes nasal and oral snuff; but does not include = any=20 medicine (being a medicine ..... that is sold or = supplied=20 wholly or principally for use as an aid in giving up=20 smoking.=941

The = definitional wording suggests that it is the = intention of=20 the seller or supplier that determines whether it = is=20 wholly or principally for use as an aid in giving up = smoking.=20 Thus the seller cannot make claims that it helps = smokers quit.=20

Regulations=20 to control for possible hazardous substances in = nicotine=20 electronic cigarettes=97The = Smokefree Environments Act at = Section=20 31, permits Regulations to = limit or=20 remove hazardous substances or additives of concern. = Although=20 in the one brand studied (Ruyan),=20 few hazardous substances were identified, and only in = small=20 amount,2 this=20 cannot be assumed to apply to all brands without a = monitoring=20 system. Regulations should ensure ongoing, regular and = random=20 monitoring, and could be financed from charges on the = brands=20 to be licensed for sale.

Competing=20 interests: = None=20 declared. The author and End Smoking NZ has no financial interest in any = nicotine,=20 pharmaceutical or tobacco = company.

Murray=20 Laugesen
Lyttelton,=20 New = Zealand
http://www.endsmoking.org.nz/;= =20 chair@endsmoking.org.nz=20

References:=20

1. = ; =20 Smoke-free=20 Environments Act 1990, Reprint as at = 1 = February=20 2005. = http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0108/latest/DLM2= 23196.html=20

2. = ; =20 Laugesen M. = Ruyan e-cigarette bench top = tests. Poster.=20 Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 15th = Annual=20 Conference Dublin = April 2009.=20 www.heal= thnz.co.nz/DublinEcigBenchtopHandout.pdf=20

Dr = Murray Laugesen QSO = chair; Prof Ross McCormick, Sir John Scott=20 KBE,=20 Trish Fraser MPH,=20 Dr Marewa Glover, = Trustees =

Making = it easier to=20 quit smoking for good =A9 2009 End Smoking = NZ =

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';this.item+=3D'

'+desc+'';}this.count++;};function = x1817696720298SansLink(desc){this.style=3D'font-family:'+this.fontFamily+= ';font-style:'+this.fontStyle+';font-size:'+this.fontSize+';font-weight:'= +this.fontWeight+';text-decoration:'+this.textDecoration;if(browser=3D=3D= "NS4"){desc=3Dthis.htmlBefore+''+desc+''+this.htmlAfter;}else{desc=3D= this.htmlBefore+desc+this.htmlAfter;}var = mname=3Dthis.name+'itm'+this.count;if(browser=3D=3D"NS4"){this.item+=3D'<= tr>';this.item+=3D''+desc+'';this.item+=3D''+desc+'';this.item+=3D'= ';this.itemArray[this.iac++]=3Dmname;this.x7739283(mname+'clip');this.x77= 39283(mname);}if(browser=3D=3D"IE"||browser=3D=3D"NS6"||browser=3D=3D"Ope= ra"){this.item+=3D'

';this.item+=3D'

'+desc+'

';}this.count++;};function = subMenuMouseOver(name,count,bgcolor,fgcolor,mmac){var = tmp_amac=3Dajm_state.amac;var left;var top;var nm1=3Dname+'i'+count;var = nm2=3Dname+'itm'+count;for(var = i=3D0;i0){left=3Dx3990044603(name)-x57358931(nm1)+= ajm_state.menuoffset;x3329217(nm1,left);}else{left=3D0;x3329217(nm1,0);}}= top=3Dx466187111(nm2,name);x483140(nm1,top);}}if(browser=3D=3D"IE"||brows= er=3D=3D"NS6"||browser=3D=3D"Opera"){if(x1155295267(nm1)){ajm_state.activ= emenuArray[ajm_state.amac++]=3Dnm1;if(ajm_state.mainmenu_dirn[mmac]=3D=3D= 'right'){left=3Dx3169675(name)+x57358931(name)-ajm_state.menuoffset+ajm_s= tate.mleftoffset;x3329217(nm1,left);}else{left=3Dx3169675(name)-x57358931= (nm1)+ajm_state.menuoffset;x3329217(nm1,left);}if(browser=3D=3D"IE"){top=3D= x466187111(name)+x466187111(nm2+'clip')+ajm_state.mtopoffset;x483140(nm1,= top);}if(browser=3D=3D"NS6"){if(version=3D=3D6.1){top=3Dx466187111(name)+= x466187111(nm2+'clip');x483140(nm1,top);}else{top=3Dx466187111(nm2+'clip'= );x483140(nm1,top);}}if(browser=3D=3D"Opera"){top=3Dx466187111(name)+x466= 187111(nm2+'clip');x483140(nm1,top);}}}if(x1155295267(nm1)){if(leftx5656= 8364953685()){x3329217(nm1,x56568364953685()-x57358931(nm1));}if(topx616803= 111554122()){x483140(nm1,x616803111554122()-x516306672(nm1));}x2826022670= (nm1,true);}ajm_state.menuActive=3Dtrue;};function = subMenuMouseOut(name,count,bgcolor,fgcolor){x2657480876(name+'itm'+count,= bgcolor,name);x2498849083(name+'a'+count,fgcolor,name);ajm_state.timeouti= dArray[ajm_state.tiac++]=3DsetTimeout("x432327267()",ajm_state.closedelay= );};function addItems(){for(var = i=3D0;iwidth){width= =3Dx57358931(menu.itemArray[j]+'clip');}}}for(var = j=3D0;jwi= dth){width=3Dx57358931(menu.itemArray[j]+'clip',menu.name);}}x59044349(me= nu.name,width+2);for(var = j=3D0;j